实用手册:130+ 提高开发效率的 vim 常用命令

Vim 是从 vi 发展出来的一个文本编辑器。代码补完、编译及错误跳转等方便编程的功能特别丰富,在程序员中被广泛使用。和 Emacs 并列成为类 Unix 系统用户最喜欢的编辑器。这里收录了130+程序员必备的 vim 命令,帮助你提高开发效率。

基本命令

:e filename Open  for edition
:w Save file
:q Exit Vim
:q! Quit without saving
Write file (if changes has been made) and exit
:sav filename Saves file as 
. Repeats the last change made in normal mode
5. Repeats 5 times the last change made in normal mode

在文件中移动

k or Up Arrow move the cursor up one line
j or Down Arrow move the cursor down one line
e move the cursor to the end of the word
b move the cursor to the begining of the word
0 move the cursor to the begining of the line
G move the cursor to the end of the file
gg move the cursor to the begining of the file
L move the cursor to the bottom of the screen
:59 move cursor to line . Replace  by the desired line number.
20| move cursor to column .
% Move cursor to matching parenthesis
[[ Jump to function start
[{ Jump to block start

剪切、拷贝和粘贴

y Copy the selected text to clipboard
p Paste clipboard contents
dd Cut current line
yy Copy current line
y$ Copy to end of line
D Cut to end of line

搜索

/word Search  from top to bottom
?word Search  from bottom to top
* Search the word under cursor
//cstring Search  or , case insensitive
/jo[ha]n Search  or 
//< the Search the, theatre or 
/the/> Search  or 
//< the/> Search 
//< ¦./> Search all words of 4 letters
/// Search  but not  or 
/fred/|joe Search  or 
//</d/d/d/d/> Search exactly 4 digits
/^/n/{3} Find 3 empty lines
:bufdo /searchstr/ Search in all open files
bufdo %s/something/somethingelse/g Search  in all the open buffers and replace it with 

替换

:%s/old/new/g Replace all occurences of  by  in file
:%s/onward/forward/gi Replace onward by forward, case unsensitive
:%s/old/new/gc Replace all occurences with confirmation
:2,35s/old/new/g Replace all occurences between lines 2 and 35
:5,$s/old/new/g Replace all occurences from line 5 to EOF
:%s/^/hello/g Replace the begining of each line by 
:%s/$/Harry/g Replace the end of each line by 
:%s/onward/forward/gi Replace  by , case unsensitive
:%s/ *$//g Delete all white spaces
:g/string/d Delete all lines containing 
:v/string/d Delete all lines containing which didn’t contain 
:s/Bill/Steve/ Replace the first occurence of  by  in current line
:s/Bill/Steve/g Replace  by  in current line
:%s/Bill/Steve/g Replace  by  in all the file
:%s/^M//g Delete DOS carriage returns (^M)
:%s//r//r/g Transform DOS carriage returns in returns
:%s#<[^>]/+>##g Delete HTML tags but keeps text
:%s/^/(.*/)/n/1$//1/ Delete lines which appears twice
Ctrl+a Increment number under the cursor
Ctrl+x Decrement number under cursor
ggVGg? Change text to Rot13

大小写

Vu Lowercase line
VU Uppercase line
g~~ Invert case
vEU Switch word to uppercase
vE~ Modify word case
ggguG Set all text to lowercase
gggUG Set all text to uppercase
:set ignorecase Ignore case in searches
:set smartcase Ignore case in searches excepted if an uppercase letter is used
:%s//<.//u&/g Sets first letter of each word to uppercase
:%s//<.//l&/g Sets first letter of each word to lowercase
:%s/.*//u& Sets first letter of each line to uppercase
:%s/.*//l& Sets first letter of each line to lowercase

读写文件

:1,10 w outfile Saves lines 1 to 10 in 
:1,10 w >> outfile Appends lines 1 to 10 to 
:r infile Insert the content of 
:23r infile Insert the content of  under line 23

文件浏览器

:e . Open integrated file explorer
:Sex Split window and open integrated file explorer
:Sex! Same as  but split window vertically
:browse e Graphical file explorer
:ls List buffers
:cd .. Move to parent directory
:args List files
:args *.php Open file list
:grep expression *.php Returns a list of .php files contening 
gf Open file name under cursor

和 Unix 系统交互

:!pwd Execute the  unix command, then returns to Vi
!!pwd Execute the  unix command and insert output in file
:sh Temporary returns to Unix
$exit Retourns to Vi

对齐

:%!fmt Align all lines
!}fmt Align all lines at the current position
5!!fmt Align the next 5 lines

选项卡/窗口

:tabnew Creates a new tab
gt Show next tab
:tabfirst Show first tab
:tablast Show last tab
:tabm n(position) Rearrange tabs
:tabdo %s/foo/bar/g Execute a command in all tabs
:tab ball Puts all open files in tabs
:new abc.txt Edit  in new window

分屏显示

:e filename Edit  in current window
:split filename Split the window and open 
ctrl-w up arrow Puts cursor in top window
ctrl-w ctrl-w Puts cursor in next window
ctrl-w_ Maximize current window vertically
ctrl-w| Maximize current window horizontally
ctrl-w= Gives the same size to all windows
10 ctrl-w+ Add 10 lines to current window
:vsplit file Split window vertically
:sview file Same as :split in readonly mode
:hide Close current window
:­nly Close all windows, excepted current
:b 2 Open #2 in this window

自动完成

Ctrl+n Ctrl+p (in insert mode) Complete word
Ctrl+x Ctrl+l Complete line
:set dictionary=dict Define  as a dictionnary
Ctrl+x Ctrl+k Complete with dictionnary

标记

m {a-z} Marks current position as 
‘ {a-z} Move to position 
Move to previous position

缩写

:ab mail mail@provider.org Define  as abbreviation of 

文本缩进

:set autoindent Turn on auto-indent
:set smartindent Turn on intelligent auto-indent
:set shiftwidth=4 Defines 4 spaces as indent size
ctrl-t, ctrl-d Indent/un-indent in insert mode
>> Indent
<< Un-indent
=% Indent the code between parenthesis
1GVG= Indent the whole file

代码高亮

:syntax on Turn on syntax highlighting
:syntax off Turn off syntax highlighting
:set syntax=perl Force syntax highlighting

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